Mars- Facts & Figures
| Discovered By | Known by the Ancients |
| Date of Discovery | Unknown |
| Average Distance from the Sun | Metric: 227,936,640 km |
| English: 141,633,260 miles: | |
| Scientific Notation: 2.2793664 x 108 km (1.523662 A.U.) | |
| By Comparison: 1.524 x Earth | |
| Perihelion (closest) | Metric: 206,600,000 km |
| English: 128,400,000 miles | |
| Scientific Notation: 2.066 x 108 km (1.381 A.U.) | |
| By Comparison: 1.404 x Earth | |
| Aphelion (farthest) | Metric: 249,200,000 km |
| English: 154,900,000 miles | |
| Scientific Notation: 2.492 x 108 km (1.666 A.U.) | |
| By Comparison: 1.638 x Earth | |
| Equatorial Radius | Metric: 3,397 km |
| English: 2,111 miles | |
| Scientific Notation: 3.397 x 103 km | |
| By Comparison: 0.5326 x Earth | |
| Equatorial Circumference | Metric: 21,344 km |
| English: 13,263 miles | |
| Scientific Notation:2.1344 x 104 km | |
| Volume | Metric: 163,140,000,000 km3 |
| Scientific Notation: 1.6314 X 1011 km3 | |
| By Comparison: 0.150 x Earth | |
| Mass | Metric: 641,850,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg |
| Scientific Notation: 6.4185 x 1023 kg | |
| By Comparison: 0.10744 x Earth | |
| Density | Metric: 3.94 g/cm3 |
| By Comparison: 0.714 x Earth | |
| Surface Area | Metric: 144,100,000 km2 |
| English: 89,500,000 square miles | |
| Scientific Notation: 1.441 x 108 km2 | |
| By Comparison: 0.282 x Earth | |
| Equatorial Surface Gravity | Metric: 3.693 m/s2 |
| English: 12.116 ft/s2 | |
| By Comparison: If you weigh 100 pounds on Earth. You would weigh 38 pounds on Mars. | |
| Escape Velocity | Metric: 18,072 km/h |
| English: 11,229 mph | |
| Scientific Notation: 5.02 x 103 m/s | |
| By Comparison: Escape velocity of Earth is 25,022 mph. | |
| Sidereal Rotation Period (Length of Day) | 1.026 Earth days |
| 24.62 hours | |
| By Comparison: Earth's rotation period is 23.934 hours. | |
| Sidereal Orbit Period (Length of Year) | 1.8807 Earth years |
| 686.93 Earth days | |
| Mean Orbit Velocity | Metric: 86,871 km/h |
| English: 53,979 mph | |
| Scientific Notation: 24,130.9 m/s | |
| By Comparison: 0.810 x Earth | |
| Orbital Eccentricity | .0934 |
| By Comparison: 5.59 x Earth | |
| Orbital Inclination to Ecliptic | 1.8 degrees |
| Equatorial Inclination to Orbit | 25.19 |
| Orbital Circumference | Metric: 1,366,900,000 km |
| English: 849,400,000 miles | |
| Scientific Notation: 1.3669 x 109 km | |
| By Comparison: 1.479 x Earth | |
| Minimum/Maximum Surface Temperature | |
| Metric: -87 to -5 °C | |
| English: -125 to 23 °F | |
| Scientific Notation: 186 to 268 K | |
| Atmospheric Constituents | Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen, Argon |
| Scientific Notation: CO2, N2, Ar | |
| By Comparison: CO2 is responsible for the Greenhouse Effect and is used for carbonation in beverages. | |
| N2 is 80% of Earth's air and is a crucial element in DNA. Ar is used to make blue neon light blubs. |